Introduction. The current state of the theory of synergetic paradigm influencing the development of society is under investigation. The aim of the article is to consider society as a complexly organised, open system developing according to non-linear laws.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is society. Society is understood as a social system that forms a single social whole. In the process of research, general philosophical principles and methods, principles of consistency, synergy and axiology are used.

Results. According to the authors, Synergetics is a new, rapidly developing area, attracting a large number of scientists from various fields of scientific knowledge with its worldview perspectives. This attraction is created by the breadth of the subject of Synergetics itself, its interdisciplinary nature, the content of its methodology, and its universal language.

Discussion and conclusion. Being a holistic, complex phenomenon, society requires that it should be viewed as a social system and provide an appropriate systemic approach to its study. This is most characteristic of the synergetic approach. We can say that, in fact, the theory of self-organization represents a fundamentally new methodological basis for the study of modern society and all its systems. It is based on the assertion that any society has alternative paths of development and
the possibility to choose them. Synergetics opens up new principles of building complex developing systems of society from simple ones, helps to understand the nature of their interconnection, interaction and mutual influence.

Introduction. Ethnic culture, which is a combined collective property, is studied. The purpose of the scientific article is to conduct a review of the internal characteristics of the constituent elements of ethnoculture, to identify some ways of forming one’s own national and cultural identity.
Materials and methods. Descriptive, comparative-historical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis of data, as well as general scientific principles of structuredness and systemacity were used.
Results. Each ethnic culture forms a complex social space, a kind of system of worldview, in which the political, social, economic and general cultural realities of the surrounding world are specifically refracted, and it is connected with traditions. According to the authors, traditions in the system of socio-cultural development are the memory of the historical past, the most significant figures of their people, the value of their native language, adherence to customs, rituals,
folk holidays, folklore, adherence to traditional ethno-cultural ethnic norms, preference for certain types of professional activities. The importance of considering the internal characteristics of the constituent elements of ethnoculture for a deeper understanding of the ongoing processes in the multicultural environment of the region and the state is shown.
Discussion and conclusion. The cultural and psychological image of a particular people, its customs and traditions reflect social behaviour which is an effective regulator of socio-cultural development. These concepts are closely related, have an impact on the formation of ethnic culture. Historical community (nation, ethnos) is determined by the common language, the system of spiritual values that form ways of behaviour for future actions. Without any doubt, the diversity of these factors determines typical collective experiences, or features of the mental make-up of certain ethnic communities. These structural elements form an integrative concept ― ethnic identity.

Introduction. In modern society of social change, key competencies are of particular importance. They ensure not only the survival of the individual in new socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions, but also the success of his professional activities, compliance with international standards, as well as the competitiveness of the teacher in a single educational space.
Materials and methods. Currently, there is reason to speak not only about the competencies that were inherent in the teacher and form the basis of his professional skills, but also about completely new competencies that should still be mastered. When considering these issues, general scientific methods and approaches, comparative analysis, historical and
hermeneutic methods of scientific research are used.
Results. According to the authors, ethnocultural competence is among the key competencies. Ethnocultural competence as an integrative entity has its structure. The motivational component of the ethnocultural competence of the teacher is considered as a combination of motives adequate to the goals and objectives of the teacher’s professional activities in a multi-ethnic region. The special role in the process of ethnocultural competence formation belongs to the
education system.
Discussion and conclusion. Ethnocultural competence is defined as a systemic sociocultural phenomenon that has objective and subjective sides. The objective side lies in the requirements that society places on the professional activities of the teacher. The subjective side of ethnocultural competence is a reflection of the objective side, which is refracted through the personality of the specialist, his professional activity, the peculiarities of motivation in improving and
developing his ethnocultural competence. The education system lays the foundations of axiological and praxiological attitude to the world, forms the logic of thinking. One of the features of the education system in solving the problem of ethnocultural competence formation is that a specific sociocultural ethnic phenomenon operates in it.

Introduction. Constant communication creates a favorable environment conducive to the formation of personality through respect for nations and nationalities, their cultures. At the same time, in a multinational team, the specificity of various cultures and traditions, the bearers of which are included in this team, finds its manifestation.
Materials and methods. Scientific research includes the application of descriptive and comparative-historical methods of scientific research, method of observation, scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of the obtained data, dialectical and hermeneutical methods. The object of the study is the values of the cultures of different peoples.
Results. According to the authors, not all members of the collective are capable of correctly perceiving a person’s attitude towards a particular nationality, which depends to a greater extent on personal experience with representatives of that nationality. This experience can be not only positive, but also negative: one-sided assessments, absolutisation of certain features depending on personal sympathies and antipathies are possible.
Discussion and conclusion. Pedagogical communication is that kind of communication in the learning process that creates the conditions for the development of motivation and creativity in learning activities and for the proper formation of personality. In order to avoid tense situations, it is necessary to be able to manage one’s own behaviour, to create an environment of respect, friendliness towards others, their culture, language, traditions, thereby contributing to the development of a culture of inter-ethnic communication.

Introduction. Ecological tourism is a relatively new phenomenon in modern tourism activities. The active involvement of the local population in the creation of tourist product is crucial for the successful development of ecological tourism. However, in Russia, ecotourism is not yet widespread.
Materials and methods. The methodology is comprehensive. These are philosophical and general scientific methods: analytical, phenomenological, principles of objectivity, universal connection, contradiction, methods of comparative analysis and synthesis, scientific generalization. The study applied a conceptual and logical analysis of theoretical
terminology in order to define the term “ecological path” for the socio-cultural context. Ecological tourism needs a new methodology of research involving new conceptual apparatus and methodological tools.
Results. Ecotourism is recognized as the most promising form in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The educational component of ecotourism not only serves informational needs, but also helps to minimize environmental impact and create a more informed and protective society. Ecological path — a specially equipped route, characterized by various objects of nature, architecture, with aesthetic, environmental, historical value, designed to
improve the environmental literacy of visitors. Educational environmental paths are specialized routes for environmental education.
Discussion and conclusions. The modern period of human development is characterized by an acute lack of environmental education of the population. We need a system of environmental education that would include not only environmental courses in educational institutions and work carried out by the media, but also direct human contact with nature.

Introduction. In the Western research field, the concept of “hyperreligiosity” is a set of characteristics, which is understood as the religious state of the individual as a psychiatric problem. Philosophical analysis of the phenomenon of hyperreligiosity helps to demonstrate the specificity of this issue, expand its horizons, and show that it goes far beyond the scope of psychiatric experience. The aim of the work is a philosophical analysis of the prerequisites for the emergence
and nature of the hyper-religiosity of the hybrid topic of spiritual deception.
Materials and methods. This study uses the methods of formal logic (description, comparison, classification, analysis and synthesis); phenomenological, systemic and axiological methods. The philosophical works of S. S. Khoruzhiy, in particular, his developments on the phenomenon of spiritual deception (hyperreligiosity) and its philosophical conceptualization, were used as a theoretical basis for the study.
Results. The importance of the mystical-ascetic experience of hesychasm lies in the fact that hesychasm is a spiritual organon — a repository of knowledge for the formation of a true and healthy religious experience and mentality. The phenomenon of hyperreligiosity is considered through the prism of philosophy, synergetic anthropology and the phenomenology of asceticism. The main reasons for the emergence of hyperreligiosity are analyzed. It was found that when the religious method is violated, an incorrect religious intentionality arises, which leads to various serious consequences.
The destructive properties of this phenomenon are shown both for anthropological reality and for culture as a whole.
Discussion and conclusions. Hyperreligiosity in the plane of philosophical analysis is presented not just as some kind of excessive tension, but as a specific distortion of religious experience. In the conceptualization proposed by the Russian
philosopher Sergei Khoruzhiy, which is based on the centuries-old experience of the Orthodox tradition (Hesychasm), hyperreligious consciousness is defined as a hybrid experience, or spiritual deception. The prevalence of this issue in religious culture indicates that the issues under consideration are relevant and vital in modern society.

Introduction. The research focuses on the problem of growing of the centuries-old axiological confrontation between Western European values and traditional guidelines of Russia, as well as the need to set new goals for the state and social development of Russia. In this regard, the purpose of the scientific work is to consider the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture, to identify its key provisions and basic concepts containing spiritual and value-based guidelines for modern Russia.
Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was cultural, philosophical and historical concepts of Russian philosophers, through the prism of which the theoretical provisions of the concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin were considered. This work is based on the fundamental principles of knowledge and understanding social phenomena: consistency, complexity, unity of historical and logical. Comparative analysis, analogy methods reconstructing the philosophical views of thinkers based on a comparative analysis of their texts were used. The work implements an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the study of Russian philosophy as a multidimensional phenomenon.
Results. The comparative analysis of key provisions of the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin was carried out, its main meanings and concepts were identified. The main components of pedagogical theory focused on the return of education to the context of culture are presented. The relevance of the theory of resistance to evil by force is indicated, which is politically, morally relevant, since the problems raised by the thinker and the proposed approaches to solving them become serious and relevant in modern conditions of the need to develop a multipolar world,
the validity of choosing means in protecting national interests of states. The philosopher’s predictions regarding the future of the world order are considered and summarized.
Discussion and conclusion. The study of the concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach, involving interdisciplinary connections and an explication of the thinker’s philosophical ideas. I. A. Ilyin’s interpretation of the causes of the spiritual crisis of modern culture and possible ways of its overcoming is revealed. It has been proven that the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture formulated by the thinker I. A. Ilyin is able to answer many questions facing the state, society and a single person today, as it contains value-based,
personality-oriented, existential foundations for a diverse, objective assessment of current realities.

Introduction. Ioane Petritsi (1055‒1130) is considered to be the most original of those Georgian thinkers who carried out logical studies closely related to the development of logic in Syria and Byzantium. The purpose of the article is to show the contribution of Ioane Petritsi to the development of logic in medieval Georgia.
Materials and methods. The history of philosophical thought in Georgia begins no later than the 4th century, and the development of Georgian philosophy reached its most significant peaks in the 11th‒12th centuries. The emergence of logic in medieval Georgia, which occurred in the 4th century, was associated with the needs for the development of oratory, the center of which was the Colchis rhetorical school. When studying this problem, general theoretical methods of scientific
research are used, comparative analysis, historical approach, structural analysis method, etc. are in demand.
Results. Although the most influential philosophical trend among Georgian thinkers was Neoplatonism, Aristotle’s works were also popular among them. Evidence of the great attention that Ioane Petritsi paid to the theoretical heritage of Aristotle is the translation of two treatises “Topics” and “On Interpretation” into Georgian. Ioane Petritsi understood logic as a science that aims to teach people to prove and disprove. He considered the central problem of logic to be the doctrine of categorical syllogism which he considered as the only scientific form of inference. Following the basic provisions of the Aristotelian theory of categorical syllogism, Ioane Petritsi disagreed with its author regarding the nature of concepts and judgments.
Discussion and conclusion. The logical and philosophical views of Ioane Petritsi always attracted the attention of Georgian intellectuals, some of whom unconditionally accepted them, while others reacted negatively to them. However, there is no doubt that he made a great contribution to the development of logic in medieval Georgia.

Introduction. The position of Great Britain on the ownership of the Black Sea during the Crimean War (1853—1856) is being considered. The purpose of the study is to determine the position of Members of Parliament of the United Kingdom on the ownership of the Black Sea during the Crimean War. The tasks of the study involve an analysis of this country’s motives which sent its military forces to the territorial maritime belt of Russia in the middle of the 19th century.
Materials and methods. On the basis of historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods of research, the position of Great Britain on the Black Sea belonging, the deployment peculiarities of British military forces in Crimea, party disagreements of members of parliament and the Admiralty regarding Britain’s participation in the war are analyzed.
Results. It was established that at the meetings of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the conviction of members of the government and deputies that Britain became the owner of the Black Sea during this period was repeatedly announced. It is concluded that in the middle of the 19th century the Crimean War, becoming a continuation of the inter-party struggle for power in parliament, was aimed at expanding Britain’s colonial ambitions in the Black Sea.
Discussion and conclusion. Back in the middle of the 19th century Great Britain provoked hostilities in the Crimea, doing everything to weaken Russia. However, the war weakened all the powers participating in it, including Britain. Anti-Russian and militaristic sentiments became part of the political struggle of the government and parliamentary fractions, as well as part of the formation of a centuries-old mentality of the government and parliamentary circles of Great Britain.
The study is of relevant political importance for the modern understanding of the militaristic foreign policy of Great Britain and the origins of state Russophobia.

Introduction. Modern criminal and penal legislation for juveniles who have committed grave and especially grave crimes most often considers imprisonment the only form of punishment. One instrument of state policy in the second half of the 19th century in this area was the active involvement of monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was assumed that they were to become the leading body in combating and preventing juvenile delinquency.
Materials and methods. Materials of a number of different historical documents were used, as well as historical, descriptive and comparative methods of scientific research allowing to establish cultural and historical factors.
Results. The Russian Empire was one of the first countries in the world to initiate the development of juvenile legislation and to experiment with a system of correctional institutions involving public organizations. It is possible to achieve positive results in prevention and correctional activities only with broad public involvement, training of inmates of shelters
in demanded professions in the labor market, a combination of various programs and religious educational practices, with close cooperation with regional executive authorities.
Discussion and conclusion. As part of the search for the optimal model for achieving the correctional effect, it is interesting to refer to the existing historical experience, when society through the Russian Orthodox Church tried to participate in the system of correctional asylums for juveniles.