The Russian Federation is one of the countries of the Black Sea region cultural zone. Since the ancient times, the territory of the South of Russia has been a zone of dialogue of different cultures, religions and civilizations. In the process of intercultural communication, representatives of different cultures have been aware of the degree of intercultural differences between them. The author justifies the thesis that communication between representatives with a similar cultural background has wider prospects for mutual understanding than communication between communicators with different cultural bases. The article analyzes the problem of growth and reduction of cultural differences between post-Soviet countries. In particular, the author points to the fact that the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union is a factor that promotes the effectiveness of intercultural communication between the member countries of this union.

Some problems in the educational space of the Dagestan Republic have been considered in retrospective. The unified educational space is affected by globalization, informatization, as well as socio-economic, socio-cultural factors and political changes in society. The paradigm shift in education is dictated by the need to overcome the destructive pragmatism of the technical and economic interest in nature, culture and personality, to ensure the transition of mankind to a new natural-sociocultural attitude of a protective-constructive type. The authors note that the tendencies of modern society have brought a new value to the contemporary arena – polysubjectivity, because the directions of the educational policy that are numerous and important for the welfare of the state can neither be formulated, nor even be provided only by the forces of the state. The conclusion, expressed by the authors about the mono-subjectivity of the state educational policy in Russia, Dagestan points to the need to ensure the education openness as a state-public system, the transition from the paternalistic model to the model of mutual responsibility in education, the strengthening of the role of all actors and their interaction.

There is an attempt to address the impact of processes of individualization and globalization on the specific manifestation of human freedom in contemporary culture. The author highlighted and systematized the concept of freedom in the context of contemporary processes of globalization and individualization, creating the need to develop new life strategies of personality. It is shown that the continuum of the life strategy of personality allows to overcome the discreteness of segments of the socio-cultural reality and the environmental asynchrony through reaching a new level of self-realization. 

The appeal to the problem of terrorist expectation as a form of terrorist retaliation is a modern stage of research in the social sciences, conditioned by the need to overcome the state of ideological manipulation of the individual's consciousness in conditions of terror. The process of terrorist expectation is a form of adjustment of social cognition, spiritual choice, cultural preferences. The author examines the special impact of modern terrorism on the mass and individual consciousness of citizens of a society in the context of global information dissemination in the world. The struggle against modern terrorism is noted as a paramount problem of the external-non-political course of the leading states. At the same time, the information movement of the media often manifests itself as the principle of manipulation, the anxious expectation of citizens, disseminating information that is not always objectively confirmed.
 The idea of ​​terrorism as an established form of retribution, through expectation is considered. Attention is paid to the analysis of the main aspects of modern terror, the most intrusive and paradoxical ones that cause the fear of sudden and terrible death. It is emphasized that this fear, for the most part, does not know the time and place, circumstances and causes. It is associated with a sudden attempt on life. It is noted that fear and anxiety are formed by the fact that terrorist acts are often carried out with the intent to inflict as much damage as possible, cause horror, bewilderment and despair when children die, helpless sick people, old people, as well as those who perform daily production. responsibilities in the workplace. It is emphasized that people's uncertainty is formed also by the fact that the methodology of terrorism is well mastered not only by those who conduct regular extremist-organized activities, but also by random people, adolescents, singles who often do not have any political requirements. This entails the need to organize research and meet the spiritual needs of the population, which will help to develop a common feeling for paralyzing social activity, the ability for social creativity. The author's reflections on the need for creative creation of a new space are presented.

Today, economists speak of trade as an engine of development. Many experts in development planning consider the creation of border markets to be a good strategy for bridging gaps in border areas and overcoming the current economic crisis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of temporary border markets on cross-border employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas in the 3 villages of Hava Mirabad, Floos and Sarkol in the city of Marivan. In terms of data collection the purpose of the study is considered to be multifunctional. The population studied was 5532 people. The research used statistical methods. About 250 subjects were selected. The questionnaires were distributed in proportion to the number of rural borders. The validity of the Alfa Cronbach test was 0.74 percent, and detailed individual interviews were conducted with 20 expert conclusions. For the analysis of the data, the two-sided Student’s test, the chi-square test, and the Kruskal-Wallis criterion were used. The results show that temporary border markets can have a positive impact on rural areas of employment and the entrepreneurial border, as well as the villages close to the border, with great influence on the temporary border markets. According to the Student’s two-sided criterion, the rural population incomes in the result of the smuggling activities liquidation in the region after the creation of border markets before the creation of the markets decreased.

Any national economy, regardless of its size, diversification of natural resources and products it produces, and regardless of the degree of economic development, more or less realizes interaction links with the rest of the world and cannot remain outside the process of globalization of the economic flows. Emphasis should be placed on the comparative advantages the economy has, especially if it is a small open economy. Thereby, the central role is played by the fiscal and especially the customs policy of the country, as well as the correct positioning of import duties both for the realization of the fiscal as well as for achieving the stimulus goals. Fiscal policy, positioned in the stage of redistribution of social reproduction, besides economic, also realizes political, protective, social, demographic, educational, scientific, health, cultural and other goals, while indirectly acting on the other stages of social reproduction (production, exchange and consumption). By the example of the Republic of Macedonia as a small open economy, the paper intends to illustrate the role and significance of import duties in the direction of optimizing the realization of the fiscal policy objectives.

Widespread contamination of the environment by explosives due to the manufacture, disposal and testing of munitions has become a major international concern connected with the increasing scale of soil and ground water contamination. Most explosives are considered to be a major hazard to the biological system due to their high toxicity and mutagenic effects. Research on biotransformation of explosives has clearly shown that some plants and several families of aerobic microorganisms, representing different taxonomic groups of microorganisms, have the potential to transform TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (hexogen – hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and other nitro organic explosives to non toxic products. Despite the existence of such extensive data, there is no reliable information dealing with the affordable clean up technology of explosives. To evaluate the disappearance of TNT and its intermediate products, in the last decade, great attention has been paid to microorganisms (both eukaryotes and prokaryotes) and plants. Microorganisms being well established detoxifiers, of structurally varying contaminants, are promising natural tools that allows to sustain the ecological balance. The ability of plants to cleanup the environment has still attracted relatively little attention, having no long story. Although plants play an important role in sustaining and restoring all niches of the environment due to their ability to absorb and metabolize quite a wide spectrum of various contaminants of organic nature, plants for cleanup the environment has attracted relatively little attention having no long story. Research carried out for more than 30 years, with annual and perennial plants and various families of different taxonomic groups of microorganisms have revealed their potential to absorb and metabolize organic contaminants of different structure. Three laboratories, at Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Georgia) have carried out research aimed at the creation of a new biotechnological approach for rehabilitation of soils polluted with explosives based on joint, symbiotic action of microorganisms and plants.

As a result of production of chemicals, unpredictable growth of industry and transport, urbanization, the permanent increase of contamination of all biological sources by chemical compounds of toxic nature is observed. Naturally formed emission of poisonous gases, the washing of toxic elements out of ore during floods or earthquakes, formation by microorganisms toxic compounds in swamps, etc. are a very little input as compared with human anthropogenic contribution in environments contamination. Above 600 millions of tons of chemicals of are annually produced in the world. By different ways large amounts of these hazardous compounds or their incomplete metabolic transformations, still having high toxicity, are accumulated in biosphere significantly affecting the ecological balance. The great majorities of chemically synthesized stable compounds hardly undergo extra- or intracellular enzymatic transformations (plant protection and pest control agents, solvents and emulsifiers, etc.) and are especially dangerous for all kinds of organisms. Disposal of municipal sewage and wastes accumulated by industry should be also considered a priority for human settlements, as serious contamination source. Uncontrolled discharge of all kinds of wastes always creates functioning biological source of contamination. The elimination of contaminants from the environment by microorganisms of different taxonomic groups is a well established, genetically determined property, which has already been widely discussed. Plants ecological potential is under deep investigation in spite that its participation in creation of ecological balance has already been proved.

The role of specially protected natural areas (SPNA) of the federal significance of the Rostov Region (RR) in the conservation of natural biodiversity is analyzed in this article. These are the state nature reserve “Rostovsky” (SNBR “Rostovsky”) and the state natural reserve of federal significance “Tsimlyansky” (wildlife area “Tsimlyansky”). The SNBR “Rostovsky” was established in 1995, consists of 4 cluster divisions, has an area of 9.5 thousand hectares. The strictly reserved territory and 74,3 74,3 thousand hectares of preservation. Flora includes 503 species of vascular plants. Fauna of insects - 1568 species, spiders - 206. Terrestrial vertebrates: Amphibians - 3 species; reptiles - 10, birds - 258, mammals – 34. The “Tsimlyansky” reserve has an area of 35 thousand hectares. Here the most numerous nesting grouping of the Whitetail eagle in the RR is recorded, counting more than 30 breeding pairs. Nest colonies of common cormorant, number up to 5000 pairs. The elk, European deer, roe deer, wild boar, a number of species of birds, included in the Red Book of the RF and the RR, inhabit there. SPNA of RR federal significance successfully fulfill the tasks assigned to them on preservation natural biodiversity, maintenance and reproduction of rare population species of plants and animals, and are the source of such species settlement to adjacent territories.

Scientific research works on studying the processes taking place in the Manych reservoirs are aimed not only at obtaining new scientific knowledge, but also assessing the impact of these changes on the species diversity dynamics and the structural and functional organization of communities of hydrobionts and semi-aquatic fauna, as well as developing measures for optimization of water-salt balance, ecological conditions of the Manych Cascade reservoirs bioresources conservation and reproduction. Information on the current mineralization and the ionic composition state of the Proletarian Reservoir waters is important to understand their origin, the possibility of using them for economic purposes, assessing their transformation, and their influence on the environment and biota. It was found that the total mineralization in the surveyed water area in the period of autumn observations remains at a high level (45 g / l), as in 2010 and 2011. (42.7 and 42.6 respectively). The waters at most stations were attributed to brines, the most western station - to the waters of high salinity. Class of waters is chloride, sodium group, type II. The observed lateral gradient of salinity in the surveyed section of the Proletarian Reservoir is the process of mixing waters with different salinity. The data obtained from expeditionary studies served as the basis for a database on the Proletarian Reservoir (Lake Manych-Gudilo) ecosystem state.

An attempt is made to generalize the hydrochemical and hydrobiological results, obtained by the Southern Scientific Center of RAS and the Institute of Arid Zones of the SSC RAS ​​in the study of the Taganrog Gulf waters in the winter of 2006-2017, and the distribution of hydrochemical components in snow, ice and under-ice water, the long-term changes in the salinity of the Taganrog Gulf are traced in detail according to two points of the observation, which is of theoretical and practical importance in predicting the hydrochemical regime, possible structural changes in the hydrobiocenosis and water quality of the water bodies. The stations most widely provided with data on the content of nutrients (nitrites, nitrates, ammonium nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen, nitrogen, phosphate, dissolved phosphorus, phosphorus, silicic acid) were compared. It is concluded that an increase in the salinity of the Azov Sea waters causes a steady trend of a decrease in the level of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the Taganrog Gulf microzooplankton community, changes are observed in the dominant complex of ciliatocenosis species. The decrease in the species richness of microzooplankton is mainly due to freshwater and marine species. This process is probably associated with a negative effect of salinity on the primary production of organic matter and is part of a cycle of long-period fluctuations in salinity of the Azov Sea.

The level of human impact on the environment depends greatly on the technical equipment of the society. It was extremely small at the initial stages of human development. However, with the development of society and the growth of its productive forces, the situation begins to change dramatically. The twentieth century is an age of scientific and technological progress. Connected with a qualitatively new relationship of science and technology, it enormously increases possible and real scale of the impact of society on nature, posing a whole series of new, extremely acute problems for humanity, first of all – ecological. In our article we find out an enumeration of ecological problems, which appeared from over gradual civilizational development, on Crimean Peninsula and we also analyze the extent of the caused damage. In conclusion we would like to mention that drastic and radical measures should be taken for stabilizing the environmental situation, in other case we will simply lose this unique region.