Religious and Secular Theories of a Lie in The Russian Philosophy of the 19-20th Centuries

The last third of the XX and the first decade of the XXI centuries. show the growth of scientific and scientific-journalistic works on the problems of the peculiarities and forms of existence of deception and lies in European culture and social life. Concepts have emerged that prove the necessity and value of certain forms of lying to preserve the state, family, and the implementation of real practice of communication between people. Some psychological and pedagogical works substantiate the idea of the importance of lying and deceit for the development of the child's intellectual abilities and prosperity in the society of an adult. With all the variety of theoretical sources on this topic, there are much fewer generalizing philosophical and cultural studies of lies and deception. This article is an attempt to partially fill this shortcoming. The article begins with an analysis of the rather well-known phenomenon of “Russian lies” as a real mental feature of Russian culture, initially considered in fiction and religious philosophy in Russia (late 19th and first third of the 20th centuries). Based on the analysis of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky, I.A. Ilyina and L.N. Andreeva, shows the influence of the concept of lies of Augustine (Father of the Church of the 4th century) on the theory of "Russian lies" or "All-Russian lies". The author substantiates the decisive influence of Augustine on the views of Russian thinkers associated with the advancement of the problem of lies to the status of the most important moral, religious and socio-psychological theme of Christian theology. The transition of the problem of lies and lies from the Christian-colored religious-philosophical "paradigm" created by Augustine to the secular axiological view of L.N. Andreev, and then, to a complete change of emphasis and the identification of new meanings and facets of this problem Yu.M. Lotman. It is concluded that the theory of Yu.M. Lotman "closes" the problem of "Russian lies" as a negative characteristic of the Russian mentality, taking the phenomenon out of the field of religious philosophy and morality into the sphere of cultural studies. At the same time, the concept of Yu.M. Lotman does not refute the theory of Augustine, which retains its relevance for understanding the modern system of spiritual values in Russian culture of the XXI century.

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