TAGANROG BAY IN WINTER: HYDROCHEMICAL COMPONENTS DISTRIBUTION

Information about Taganrog bay hydrochemical regime in winter period has irregular character and generally concerns water chemistry research. In the period of ice formation, when the wind has no dominant influence, when the activity of planktonic community decreases, chemical substances transformation processes slow down, river runoff decreases, ice cover restricts oxygen income into water, not only alteration of biogenic matters hydrochemical fields represents a special interest, but also their distribution in snowpack, in ice and in subglacial water. In winter 2006, 2007, 2014, 2015 and 2016 the South scientific centre RAS and Institute of arid zone SSC RAS conducted  hydrochemical researches in Don river estuary and in the littoral part of Taganrog bay, in the process of which  the probes of snow, ice  and subglacial water were analyzed and selected to determine  nitrites, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, attenuated nitrogen, gross nitrogen, phosphates, attenuated phosphorus, gross phosphorus, silicon,  dissolved substances, suspended substances, heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cr).  Selection of snow ice and subglacial water probes and their analysis were conducted according to standard methods, recommended for using under ocean hydrochemical researches. 
In December 2006 nitrites content in the water probes was changed within the interval 5–4, nitrates 55–810, phosphates 23–163 mgk/l, the general admixtures content varied within the range 852–3983 mg/l. In the beginning of February 2007 nitrites and nitrates in the subglacial water were three times more, phosphates – 10 times, dissolved substances – 9 times more, than in the ice. In comparison with snow in subglacial water phosphates were 23 times more, dissolved substances –in 47 times more. Suspended substances in the water probes were the same as in the snow probes, but in the ice probes – 1,4 times more than in the subglacial water probes. In the end of 2007 nitrites in the subglacial water were 1,3 times more, nitrates  – 7,5 times more, phosphates – 4 times more, dissolved substances – 22 times more than in the ice. In the same time suspended substances content in water was the same, as in the ice probes. Content determination of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cr) in the probes of snow and ice showed that ferrum, cuprum and manganese were 2 times more in snow than in ice. Content of lead and chrome in snow was significantly more in 1,2 and 1,4 times than in ice. 
Thus, during researches conduction concentration of nitrites, nitrates, phosphates and the admixtures general content were maximum in the subglacial water. Minimum quantity of nitrites and nitrates were detected in the probes of ice, the minimum concentration of phosphates, attenuated and suspended substances – in the probes of snow. In February 2014 concentration of nitrites in subglacial water varied within the limits 10,0–20,0, nitrates –143,0–483,0, phosphates – 12,0–47,0 mgk/l. In February 2015 content of nitrites in subglacial water was changed within the range 4,0–24,0, nitrates – 1110,0–3090,0, phosphates – 3,0–77,0 mgk/l. In February 2016 ammonium ions content in subglacial water was changed within the interval 60–140,0, nitrites –15,0–24,0, nitrates –290,0–1120,0, gross nitrogen 910,0–2310,0, phosphates –5,0–54,0, gross phosphorus 98,0–221,0, silicon 2100,0–7000,0 mgk/l. Decrease of amplitude concentrations contraction for all biogenic matters according to the distance from esturial seashore and  river runoff influence decrease is characterized for all biogenic matters. Realization of systematic hydrochemical observations during the whole year and study of hydrochemical components distribution in snow, ice and subglacial water have a great theoretical and practical significance during the forecasting of  hydrochemical  regime and water quality of water objects.

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