HEALTH CARE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA AND IN WORLD WAR I
https://doi.org/10.23947/2414-1143-2017-9-30-40
Abstract
There is a prevailing myth that before the revolutions of 1917 and the advent of Soviet power, Imperial Russia did not produce factory-prepared medicines, requiring most or all such medicines to be imported. This article refutes that misconception, documenting from printed and archival sources that some 300 chemical, factories and some 100 pharmaceutical factories operated in Russia in 1913 and that some zemstvos used only domestic medicines. The article emphasizes that before the 20th century the vast majority of medicines were based on botanicals. This was true even after the discovery of sulfa drugs and antibiotics because some botanically based medicines were (and are now) superior to synthetics. Such was the case with quinine for malaria, endemic and epidemic throughout Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. The article explains the reasons why Russia imported the new chemically synthesized medicines, the so-called “magic bullets,” despite having prerequisites for production such as outstanding chemists and a large petroleum industry. The article emphasizes that the Russian pharmaceutical industry grew more robust during World War I because of synergy from many quarters and because the fetters on the industry were removed. The importance of the Black Sea Region is highlighted in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical industry before and during World War I.
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Review
For citations:
Conroy M. HEALTH CARE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA AND IN WORLD WAR I. Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries. 2017;9(1):30-40. https://doi.org/10.23947/2414-1143-2017-9-30-40
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