NIKITSKY BOTANIC GARDEN IN CRIMEA IN THE CONTEXT OF BOTANIC GARDENS FORMATION PROBLEM OF EUROPE AND RUSSIA

Abstract

For the first time, the history and comparative aspects of the botanic gardens formation in Europe and Russia, as well as the contributions of reformers and scientists working in Botanic gardens and World Universities are considered. In different years, they made a significant contribution to the development of the mankind views on the ecology and flora of the various Black Sea area regions. Botanic gardens, as centers of science and education, appeared in the Hellenism period. They were later transformed into various parks and museums, becoming the foundation of the universities formation, the development of pharmaceutical education, the preservation of the ecology and the fauna of the regions of the world. In the 18th century, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Odessa, as well as Crimea, became the center of the development of the Botanic Gardens of the Russian Empire. It has been shown that public figures from France, England, Sweden and Russia had made a significant contribution to the establishment and study of the Botanic Gardens. Special attention has been given to the formation of the Nikitsky Botanic garden in Crimea. Duke de Richelieu, graph M.S. Vorontsov, H.H. Steven, E. Wolf contributed to its creation. The organization of the Nikitsky Botanic Garden began with the annexation of Crimea to Russia during the era of Catherine II and Alexander I. Since the 19th century, Crimea has become a new center for the collection of ornamental and medicinal plants, viticulture, exemplary garden art and ecology. The centuries-old activities of the Nikitsky Botanic garden of Crimea became the basis for the exchange of experience in studying and preserving the flora of Southern Russia as well as other countries of the Black Sea region. It was noted that the Nikitsky Botanic Garden had received various diplomas and awards, both in the Russian Empire and after the October Revolution in the USSR.