ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW MONASTERIES ON "THE CAUCASIAN LINE" OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY: ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARY MAGDALENE CONVENT

In the territory of the North Caucasus there was the Caucasian War for decades. That`s why the Caucasian line was populated by natives not only of different parts of the empire, but it also became a shelter for representatives of other peoples and states. As a result, the language and religious differentiation in the region was quite notable that could not but lead to maintaining ethnic consciousness. The crisis public phenomena found the reflection in the religious sphere. Having become "warm Siberia", it involved to its territories a large number of representatives of split and various sects which could feel more freely here, than in the central provinces of the empire. Realizing the current situation, for the purpose of overcoming the cultural dissociation and inclusions of new territories into the uniform system of the public relations, the government undertook a number of measures among which there was a creation of the independent Caucasian and Black Sea diocese in 1843. After the deep church crisis in which there were many parishes of the North Caucasus and with the formation of the independent diocese, the religiousness of the population increased. It also found reflection in the development of monastic activity through the restoration of old monasteries and institution of new. The convent of Mary Magdalene became one of such "phenomena" in the North Caucasus. It didn`t find broad support in the Cossack region at once, but having received the help from the diocesan and army power, it could not only overcome and break the approved stereotypes in consciousness of the population concerning the position of the woman in the society, but also promoted the approval of Orthodox faith and church authority in the environment of the motley population of the region. In many respects these processes formed a basis of the arisen contradictions with army board and they did not find support in organs of supreme authority, however, there was no other way of overcoming the developed contradictions. One of the conditions of establishment of Mary Magdalene Convent was its construction exclusive on means received in the form of donations and alms, and also income from own agricultural and work activity. The construction of the convent was supposed to be conducted on these means, without taking in attention that the convent was forced to keep the staff of sisters, novices and workers, pilgrims and sufferers. Overcoming all economic difficulties, the convent promoted the growth of the authority of Orthodox faith and restoration of the church order in the North Caucasus.

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