Religious and Philosophical Concept of Russian Culture of Ivan Ilyin: Value-Based Guidelines of Modern Russia

Introduction. The research focuses on the problem of growing of the centuries-old axiological confrontation between Western European values and traditional guidelines of Russia, as well as the need to set new goals for the state and social development of Russia. In this regard, the purpose of the scientific work is to consider the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture, to identify its key provisions and basic concepts containing spiritual and value-based guidelines for modern Russia.
Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was cultural, philosophical and historical concepts of Russian philosophers, through the prism of which the theoretical provisions of the concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin were considered. This work is based on the fundamental principles of knowledge and understanding social phenomena: consistency, complexity, unity of historical and logical. Comparative analysis, analogy methods reconstructing the philosophical views of thinkers based on a comparative analysis of their texts were used. The work implements an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the study of Russian philosophy as a multidimensional phenomenon.
Results. The comparative analysis of key provisions of the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin was carried out, its main meanings and concepts were identified. The main components of pedagogical theory focused on the return of education to the context of culture are presented. The relevance of the theory of resistance to evil by force is indicated, which is politically, morally relevant, since the problems raised by the thinker and the proposed approaches to solving them become serious and relevant in modern conditions of the need to develop a multipolar world,
the validity of choosing means in protecting national interests of states. The philosopher’s predictions regarding the future of the world order are considered and summarized.
Discussion and conclusion. The study of the concept of Russian culture of I. A. Ilyin was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach, involving interdisciplinary connections and an explication of the thinker’s philosophical ideas. I. A. Ilyin’s interpretation of the causes of the spiritual crisis of modern culture and possible ways of its overcoming is revealed. It has been proven that the religious and philosophical concept of Russian culture formulated by the thinker I. A. Ilyin is able to answer many questions facing the state, society and a single person today, as it contains value-based,
personality-oriented, existential foundations for a diverse, objective assessment of current realities.

1. Evlampiev II. Istoriya russkoy metafiziki v XIX–XX vekakh = The history of Russian metaphysics in the 19th–20th centuries. In book: Russian philosophy in search of the Absolute. 2nd ed., updated and revised Saint Petersburg: Publishing House of the RCHA; 2020. 920 p. (In Russ.)

2. Lisitsa YuT. Ivan Ilin — provozvestnik gryadushchey Rossii (Nravstvennyye osnovy politicheskoy filosofii) = Ivan Ilyin is the herald of the forthcoming Russia (Moral foundations of political philosophy). In book: IA Ilyin. Collected works: On the revival and renewal of Russia. Moscow: Heritage Institute; 2021. 704 p. (In Russ.)

3. Malinov AV, Obolevich T. O “novykh” metodakh izucheniya istorii russkoy filosofii = On “new” methods of studying the history of Russian philosophy. Bulletin of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and conflictology. 2019;35(2):285–296. https://www.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2019.205

4. Yumasheva YuYu. Prosopografiya: k voprosu o periodizatsii primeneniya metoda v istoricheskikh issledovaniyakh = Prosopography: on the issue of periodization of the use of the method in historical research. Historical informatics. 2022;1:1–51. Available at: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37566, https://www.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2022.1.37566

5. Ilyin IA. Sobraniye sochineniy = Collected works. In 10 volumes. Comp. and entry. article by JT Lisitsa. Moscow; 1993 (In Russ.).

6. Frank SL. Dukhovnyye osnovy obshchestva = Spiritual foundations of society. Comp. and entry. article by PV Alekseev. Moscow: Republic; 1992. 510 p. (In Russ.).

7. Zenkovsky VV. Problemy vospitaniya v svete khristianskoy antropologii = Problems of education in the light of Christian anthropology. Moscow; 1996 (In Russ.).

8. Lossky NO. Usloviya absolyutnogo dobra = Conditions of absolute good. Moscow: Publishing House of Political Literature; 1991. 368 p. (In Russ.).

9. Rozanov VV. Sumerki prosveshcheniya = Twilight enlightenment. Moscow: Pedagogy; 1990. 620 p. (In Russ.).

10. Berdyaev NA. Russkaya ideya = Russian idea. In book: On Russia and Russian philosophical culture. Moscow: Science; 1990 (In Russ.).

11. Vysheslavtsev BP. Obraz Bozhiy v sushchnosti cheloveka = The image of God is essence of human. In book: Russian religious anthropology: In 2 volumes. V. 2. Moscow: MDA; 1997. p. 381 (In Russ.).

12. Karsavin LP. Filosofiya istorii = Philosophy of history. Saint Petersburg: Komplekt; 1993. 350 p. (In Russ.).

13. Losev AF. Problema khudozhestvenno stilya = The problem of literary style. Kyiv: Collegium, Kyiv Academy of Eurobusiness; 1994. 288 p. (In Russ.).

14. Ilyin IA. Rossiya yest zhivoy organizm. O russkoy ideye = Russia is a living organism. About the Russian idea. In the book: Russian idea: anthology. Comp. and entry. article by MA Maslin. Moscow: Republic; 1992. 496 p. (In Russ.).

15. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 31.03.2023 No. 229 “On the approval of the Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation”. Available from: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202303310007 (Accessed: 3 April 2023)

16. Gulyga AV. Russkaya ideya i yeye tvortsy = Russian idea and its creators. Moscow: EKSMO: Algorithm; 2003. 447 p. (In Russ.).