GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF MODERN ECOLOGY STRUCTURE

Initially ecology was understood by E. Haeckel as a general science about the relations of organisms with the environment. Subsequently the definition of ecology as a science about the relations of organisms or groups of organisms to the environment surrounding them became traditional. Modern ecology is closely connected not only with various biological disciplines but also with geography, chemistry, geology, i.e. it became the cross-disciplinary science. Modern ecology is subdivided into six directions. Bioecology is characterized as classical ecology, and global ecology is characterized as geographical ecology. The prerogative of regional ecology is the studying of specific features of the specific region. Applied ecology includes: engineering, nature protection, construction, radiation, agricultural ecology, etc. Physiological ecology, ecotoxicology, ecoparasitology, production ecology (sanitary ecology), adaptation ecology, etc. are related to the ecology of person. Social ecology studies ecological features of interaction of society with the nature. Some researchers consider modern science ecology, according to ecological biocentrism as a branching of biological science representing, according to them, the system of sciences. There is also a compromise point of view according to which ecology considers the developed conditions of dwelling of the person and other organisms (the biological direction), and hygiene studies influence of the habitat on human health (the medical direction). According to our opinion, the ecology of the person, in particular its section "sanitary ecology" can be a link between ecology and hygiene. We believe that in the researches within this section of ecology it is possible to apply medical and biological approaches and indicators. According to the physical and ecological concept of evolution of ecosystems the researchers allow prebiological evolutionary change of these systems from preecosystems to primitive ecosystems. The ecology as an industry of knowledge, evolves in the process of learning of ecosystems in the aspect of a scientific picture of the World from the simplest physical and ecological concept of evolution of ecosystems to the globalization of ecology in the form of cross-disciplinary area of knowledge about the device and functioning of multilevel systems in nature and society in their interrelation.

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