<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2025-11-2-13-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная и политическая философия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social and Political Philosophy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Международные тенденции в сфере экологического менеджмента: правовой потенциал и процессуальные обоснования современной природоохранной политики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International Trends in the Field of Environmental Management: Legal Potential and Procedural Justifications of Modern Environmental Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1167-6378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алехина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekhina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алехина Екатерина Сергеевна, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры процессуального права, Донской государственный технический университет (Российская Федерация, 344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekhina Ekaterina Sergeevna, Cand. Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor, Department of Procedural Law, Don State Technical University (1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003, Russian Federation)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ket_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алехина Е.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алехина Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekhina E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/428">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/428</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Современные изменения в экологической парадигме влекут за собой провозглашение неотъемлемых прав природы, однако предоставление правосубъектности окружающей среде и ее элементам ставит под сомнение все достижения человечества и ценностные ориентиры общества, что означает революционные изменения в образе жизни, внутригосударственном укладе и мировоззрении людей. Главное задачей исследования является анализ и систематизация зарубежного опыта в рамках экологического менеджмента с целью объективной оценки эффективности имплементации прав Земли, учитывая существенные политические, законодательные и социально-экономические изменения, ведущие к конфликту в реализации отношений между человеком, правительством и природой.Материалы и методы. Методологический инструментарий ориентируется на аналитическое выстраивание экосистемных связей в международной природоохранной политике, моделирование системы развития адаптационного управления посредством реализации научных знаний и соответствующего мониторинга, идентифицирующего случаи экологической неопределенности.Результаты исследования. Экологические стратегии разных стран предлагают вариативные концепции, рассматривающие природу в качестве объекта юридической защиты, общечеловеческого наследия, источника необходимых человеку ресурсов или же правового субъекта, наделенного неотъемлемыми правами и свободами. Различия в правовых подходах обусловливаются социокультурной спецификой общества, диктующей определенные экологические стратегии, однако эффективность природоохранной политики определяется не только юридическим статусом природы, а совокупностью факторов: законодательных, процессуальных, экономических и т. д., что в совокупности позволяет достичь эффективности в сфере экологической политики, не прибегая к переписыванию конституции и радикальной перестройке правовой системы.Обсуждение и заключение. Экологический менеджмент предлагает возможности модернизации отношений между человеком и природой, выстраивая гармоничную парадигму, объединяющую экологические ценности и человеческие права. В рамках данной концепции вопрос утверждения неотъемлемых прав природы остается открытым, что дает почву для дальнейших исследований, позволяющих оценить преимущества и недостатки рассматриваемого подхода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Modern changes in the ecological paradigm entail the proclamation of the inalienable rights of nature. However, the provision of legal status to the environment and its elements casts doubt on all the achievements of mankind and the value-based guidelines of society which means revolutionary changes in the way of life, internal structure and worldview of people. The main objective of the study is to analyze and systematize foreign experience in the scope of environmental management in order to objectively assess the effectiveness of the Earth rights implementation taking into account significant political, legislative and socio-economic changes leading to conflict in the implementation of relations between man, government and nature.Materials and Methods. Methodological tools focus on analytical building of ecosystem links in international environmental policy, modeling of a system for the development of adaptation management through the implementation of scientific knowledge and appropriate monitoring that identifies cases of environmental uncertainty.Results. Environmental strategies of different countries offer variable concepts that consider nature as an object of legal protection, universal human heritage, a source of resources necessary for a man, or a legal entity endowed with inalienable rights and freedoms. Differences in legal approaches are determined by sociocultural specifics of society dictating certain environmental strategies. However, the effectiveness of environmental policy is determined not only by the legal status of nature but also by the combination of factors: legislative, procedural, economic, etc., which together allows achieving efficiency in the field of environmental policy without resorting to rewriting the constitution and radical restructuring of the legal system.Discussion and Conclusion. Environmental management offers opportunities to modernize the relationship between man and nature building a harmonious paradigm that combines environmental values and human rights. In the scope of this concept, the issue of claiming the inalienable rights of nature remains open which gives rise to further research that allows us to assess advantages and disadvantages of the approach under consideration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экологическая политика</kwd><kwd>природоохранный менеджмент</kwd><kwd>права природы</kwd><kwd>экологическое право</kwd><kwd>процессуальное право</kwd><kwd>экоцентризм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental policy</kwd><kwd>environmental management</kwd><kwd>nature rights</kwd><kwd>environmental law</kwd><kwd>procedural law</kwd><kwd>ecocentrism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauffman C. Rights of Nature: Institutions, Law, and Policy for Sustainable Development. Oxford Handbooks Online. 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197515037.013.19 (accessed: 05.12.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauffman C. Rights of Nature: Institutions, Law, and Policy for Sustainable Development. Oxford Handbooks Online. 2021. URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197515037.013.19 (accessed: 05.12.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eco Jurisprudence Monitor. International Initiatives. Political map 2024. URL: https://ecojurisprudence.org/dashboard/?map-style=political (accessed: 05.12.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eco Jurisprudence Monitor. International Initiatives. Political map 2024. URL: https://ecojurisprudence.org/dashboard/?map-style=political (accessed: 05.12.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell M. Thomas Berry and an Earth Jurisprudence: An Exploratory Essay. The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy. 2003;19(1).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell M. Thomas Berry and an Earth Jurisprudence: An Exploratory Essay. The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy. 2003;19(1).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cullinan C. Wild Law: A Manifesto for Earth Justice. 2nd ed. United States: Chelsea Green Publishing. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cullinan C. Wild Law: A Manifesto for Earth Justice. 2nd ed. United States: Chelsea Green Publishing. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations General Assembly Harmony with Nature: Note by the Secretary General A/71/266 August 1, 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations General Assembly Harmony with Nature: Note by the Secretary General A/71/266 August 1, 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United Nations General Assembly Harmony with Nature: Note by the Secretary General A/74/236 July 26, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United Nations General Assembly Harmony with Nature: Note by the Secretary General A/74/236 July 26, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кишкин Н.В., Нехамкин В.А. Понятие «экоцентризм»: научно-философское содержание. Гуманитарный вестник. 2017;8:58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishkin N.V., Nekhamkin V.A. Ponyatiye “ekotsentrizm”: nauchno-filosofskoye soderzhaniye = The concept of “ecocentrism”: scientific and philosophical content. Humanitarian Bulletin. 2017;8:58. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niehaus M. Nature as a bearer of rights: a legal construction in pursuit for better environmental protection? Völkerrechtsblog; 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niehaus M. Nature as a bearer of rights: a legal construction in pursuit for better environmental protection? Völkerrechtsblog; 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teillet L. Giving Nature legal standing for an ecosystem-based approach: a solution worth considering? Thesis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35650.86724</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teillet L. Giving Nature legal standing for an ecosystem-based approach: a solution worth considering? Thesis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35650.86724</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgera E. Ecosystem and Precautionary Approache. Biodiversity and Nature Protection Law. 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgera E. Ecosystem and Precautionary Approache. Biodiversity and Nature Protection Law. 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirkfeldt T. An ocean of concepts: why choosing between ecosystem-based management, ecosystem-based approach and ecosystem approach makes a difference. Marine Policy. 2019:106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirkfeldt T. An ocean of concepts: why choosing between ecosystem-based management, ecosystem-based approach and ecosystem approach makes a difference. Marine Policy. 2019:106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burdon P. Earth Rights: The Theory. IUCN Academy of Environmental Law e-Journal. 2011;1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burdon P. Earth Rights: The Theory. IUCN Academy of Environmental Law e-Journal. 2011;1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauffman C.M., Martin P.L. Constructing Rights of Nature Norms in the US, Ecuador, and New Zealand. Global Environmental Politics. 2018;18(4):43‒62. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauffman C.M., Martin P.L. Constructing Rights of Nature Norms in the US, Ecuador, and New Zealand. Global Environmental Politics. 2018;18(4):43‒62. https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariqueo-Russell A. Rights of Nature and the Precautionary Principle. RCC Perspectives Transformations in Environment and Society. 2017;6:21–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariqueo-Russell A. Rights of Nature and the Precautionary Principle. RCC Perspectives Transformations in Environment and Society. 2017;6:21–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vidal J. Bolivia enshrines natural world’s rights with equal status for Mother Earth. The Guardian. April 10, 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vidal J. Bolivia enshrines natural world’s rights with equal status for Mother Earth. The Guardian. April 10, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huneeus A. V. The Legal Struggle For Rights of Nature in the United States. Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research. Paper No. 1747, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huneeus A. V. The Legal Struggle For Rights of Nature in the United States. Univ. of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research. Paper No. 1747, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kersten J. Who Needs Rights of Nature? Transformations in environment and society. 2017;6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kersten J. Who Needs Rights of Nature? Transformations in environment and society. 2017;6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison R., O’Donnell D. Natural heritage. Understanding heritage in practice. Manchester University Press in association with the Open University, Manchester and Milton Keynes. 2010:88–126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison R., O’Donnell D. Natural heritage. Understanding heritage in practice. Manchester University Press in association with the Open University, Manchester and Milton Keynes. 2010:88–126.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колобов Р.Ю., Дицевич Я.Б. Особенности правовой охраны объектов всемирного природного наследия в Австралии на примере Большого Барьерного Рифа. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Юридические науки. 2023;27(4):969–983. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-4-969-983</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolobov R.Yu., Ditsevich Y.B. Osobennosti pravovoy okhrany obyektov vsemirnogo prirodnogo naslediya v Avstralii na primere Bolshogo Baryernogo Rifa = Features of legal protection of World Natural Heritage sites in Australia on the example of the Great Barrier Reef. Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: Legal Sciences. 2023;27(4):969–983. https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-4-969-983 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаджиалиева Н.Ш. Понятие и содержание права на благоприятную окружающую среду в законодательстве России. Закон и право. 2020;11:95–98. https://doi.org/10.24411/2073-3313-2020-10530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gadzhialieva N.Sh. Ponyatiye i soderzhaniye prava na blagopriyatnuyu okruzhayushchuyu sredu v zakonodatelstve Rossii = The concept and content of the right to a favorable environment in the legislation of Russia. Law and Legislation. 2020;11:95–98. https://doi.org/10.24411/2073-3313-2020-10530 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fiorini E. Beckhauser. The synergies between human rights and the rights of nature: An ecological dimension from the Latin American climate litigation. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights. 2023;42:12‒34. https://doi.org/10.1177/09240519231223672</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fiorini E. Beckhauser. The synergies between human rights and the rights of nature: An ecological dimension from the Latin American climate litigation. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights. 2023;42:12‒34. https://doi.org/10.1177/09240519231223672</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Republic of Ecuador. Constitution of the Ecuadorian Republic. 2008. URL: https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Ecuador/english08.html (accessed: 15.12.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Republic of Ecuador. Constitution of the Ecuadorian Republic. 2008. URL: https://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Ecuador/english08.html (accessed: 15.12.2024)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schillmoller A., Ricketts A. Recognising Rights for Nature: A Negotiation of Principle and Pragmatism. TRANSFORMATIONS Journal of Media &amp; Culture. 2012;21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schillmoller A., Ricketts A. Recognising Rights for Nature: A Negotiation of Principle and Pragmatism. TRANSFORMATIONS Journal of Media &amp; Culture. 2012;21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bétaille J. Rights of Nature: why it might not save the entire world? Journal for European Environmental &amp; Planning Law. 2019;16:35–64. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01601004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bétaille J. Rights of Nature: why it might not save the entire world? Journal for European Environmental &amp; Planning Law. 2019;16:35–64. https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01601004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burdon P. The Rights of Nature: Reconsidered. University of Adelaide Law School Research. Paper No. 2011‒010. 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burdon P. The Rights of Nature: Reconsidered. University of Adelaide Law School Research. Paper No. 2011‒010. 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
