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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2017-9-30-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-270</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические, культурные и экономические аспекты  развития медицины и здравоохранения Причерноморского региона</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical, cultural and economic aspects of medicine and healthcare development of Black sea region countries</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Здравоохранение в черноморском регионе в позднеимперской России и Первой мировой войне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>HEALTH CARE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION  IN LATE IMPERIAL RUSSIA AND IN WORLD WAR I</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конрой</surname><given-names>М. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Conroy</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конрой Мэри Шефер – доктор исторических наук, почетный профессор. Университет Колорадо. Денвер, США.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mary.conroy@ucdenver.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Колорадо</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Colorado at Denver</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Конрой М.Ш., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Конрой М.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Conroy M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/270">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/270</self-uri><abstract><p>Существует распространенный миф о том, что до революции 1917 года и прихода Советской власти Императорская Россия не выпускала фабрично подготовленных лекарств, требующих ввоза большинства или всех подобных лекарств. Данная статья опровергает это заблуждение. Согласно документальным и архивным источникам, следует, что в России в 1913 году действовало около 300 химических предприятий, фабрик и около 100 фармацевтических заводов, а в некоторых землях использовались только отечественные лекарства. Подчеркивается, что до ХХ века подавляющее большинство лекарств было основано на ботанике. Это было верно даже после открытия сульфамидных препаратов и антибиотиков, потому что некоторые ботанические препараты превосходили (и в настоящее время) превосходят синтетические. Так было в случае хинина с малярией, эндемией и эпидемией в Имперской России и в Советском Союзе. В статье объясняются причины, по которым Россия импортировала новые химически синтезированные лекарства, так называемые «магические пули. Подчеркивается, что российская фармацевтическая промышленность стала более устойчивой во время Первой мировой войны из-за синергии многих сторон. Важность Черноморского региона подчеркивается в развитии российской фармацевтической промышленности до и во время Первой мировой войны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is a prevailing myth that before the revolutions of 1917 and the advent of Soviet power, Imperial Russia did not produce factory-prepared medicines, requiring most or all such medicines to be imported. This article refutes that misconception, documenting from printed and archival sources that some 300 chemical, factories and some 100 pharmaceutical factories operated in Russia in 1913 and that some zemstvos used only domestic medicines. The article emphasizes that before the 20th century the vast majority of medicines were based on botanicals. This was true even after the discovery of sulfa drugs and antibiotics because some botanically based medicines were (and are now) superior to synthetics. Such was the case with quinine for malaria, endemic and epidemic throughout Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. The article explains the reasons why Russia imported the new chemically synthesized medicines, the so-called “magic bullets,” despite having prerequisites for production such as outstanding chemists and a large petroleum industry. The article emphasizes that the Russian pharmaceutical industry grew more robust during World War I because of synergy from many quarters and because the fetters on the industry were removed. The importance of the Black Sea Region is highlighted in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical industry before and during World War I. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармацевтическое производство</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>Первая мировая война</kwd><kwd>Причерноморье</kwd><kwd>йод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pharmaceutical Production</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>World War I</kwd><kwd>Black Sea Region</kwd><kwd>iodine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Основные источники</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Primary Sources</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архивные документы:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Archival Documents</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">РГАЭ (Российский Государственный Архив, Экономика. 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