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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2017-9-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Исторические, культурные и экономические аспекты  развития медицины и здравоохранения Причерноморского региона</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Historical, cultural and economic aspects of medicine and healthcare development of Black sea region countries</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Крымская война и становление системы общественного здравоохранения Великобритании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CRIMEAN WAR AND ESTABLISHING  OF PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN GREAT BRITAIN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Склярова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyarova</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Склярова Елена Константиновна – кандидат исторических наук, доцент. Ростовский государственный медицинский университет. Ростов-на-Дону, Россия.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">science-almanac@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Склярова Е.К., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Склярова Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sklyarova E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/269">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/269</self-uri><abstract><p>Крымская война 1853-1856 гг. – фактор важнейших социально-политических, а также социо-медицинских реформ. Исследование этих проблем носит междисциплинарный характер. В разгар Крымской войны в прессе Великобритании отмечалось стремление этой империи захватить российские территории Причерноморья, а также критиковались реформы и деятельность основателя системы общественного здравоохранения Э. Чедвика, от которого хотели избавиться члены парламента и олигархи Лондона в силу его радикальных реформ и британской коррупции. Рассматриваются некоторые последствия Крымской войны, их значение для становления системы здравоохранения Британии, реформы и новаторская деятельность Эдвина Чедвика, Флоренс Найтингейл; затрагиваются также проблемы урбанизации, пауперизма, миграции, коррупции, здравоохранения городов и здравоохранения армии. Развивая идеи утилитаризма и бентамизма, Э. Чедвик обосновал пользу введения системы общественного здравоохранения, централизации управления городов, борьбы с коррупцией. Незаслуженная его отставка проходила на фоне Крымской войны, подготовки отмены крепостного права и сохранения самодержавия в России. Именно в этот период нововведения казались британцам несовместимыми с вековыми принципами местного самоуправления и невмешательства во внутренние дела королевства. Россия и ее регионы Причерноморья, став объектом войны Британской империи, назывались в английской прессе коррумпированной страной. Но коррупция в самой Великобритании, исключительное положение членов парламента и олигархов Лондона стали причинами отставки основателя системы общественного здравоохранения Британии. После Крымской войны в городах остро стояла проблема социальной поддержки вдов, беспризорных детей, многодетных семей, эпидемий. Проблемы смертности, здравоохранения городов и армии стали также объектом парламент­ских дебатов, требуя постоянного вмеша­тельства государства, становления социальной политики. Новый импульс и преемственность становления системы общественного здравоохранения, а также социальной политики Великобритании стал очевиден в период Крымской войны после успешной общественной деятельности сестры милосердия Ф. Найтингейл, которая выступая в парламенте с отчётами об уровне смертности в армии, подчеркнув существование этих социальных проблем и в мирное время в Британии и регионах Причерноморья.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Crimean War of 1853 – 1856 is a factor of important socio-political and socio-medical reforms. Study of these cases is characterized as interdisciplinary. At the edge of Crimean War  Great Britain press highlighted aspiration of the empire to capture russian territories of Black sea region, also reforms and work of  E.Chadwick, founder of public health system, were criticized, he was wanted to be away from members of parliament and London oligarchs  due to his extreme reforms and British corruption. The article represents several effects of Crimean War, its meaning for establishing of public health system in Great Britain, reforms and pioneering work of Edwin Chadwick, Florence Nightingale, also brought up issues of urbanization, pauperism, migration, corruption, health care of cities and army. Developing ideas of utilitarianism and benthamism, E.Chadwick proved advantage of establishing of public health system, centralization of cities administration, unticorruption efforts. His undue dismissal was passing during Crimean War, preparation for abolition of serfdom and keeping of autocracy in Russia. In this period  innovation seemed inconsistent to british people considering century principles for local government and nonintervention to domestic affairs of kingdom. Russia and its Black sea regions, which have become war objective for British Empire, were named as corrupted country by English press. But corruption in Great Britain, unique position of  members of parliament and London oligarchs have become reasons for  dismissal of founder of public health system in Great Britain.  After Crimean War in cities there was a problem of social assistance for widows, street children, families with many children, epidemics. Issues of mortality, healthcare of cities and army also became an object of parliamentary debates, requiring constant interference of the government, establishing of social policy. Fresh impetus and acceptance of establishing of public health system, as well as a social policy in Great Britain have become evident in period of Crimean War after successful public activity of sister of Mercy F.Nightingale, who addressing the House with  reports on morbidity level in army, highlighting  existence of these social problems and peacetime in Great Britain and Black Sea regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Крымская война</kwd><kwd>общественное здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>коррупция</kwd><kwd>Э. Чедвик</kwd><kwd>Ф. Найтингейл</kwd><kwd>социальная политика</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Crimean War</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd><kwd>corruption</kwd><kwd>E. Chadwick</kwd><kwd>F. 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