The term “coevolution” is used for identification of mutually conditioned elements alterations, acting as an integral system. Development is the vector of these changes. Thus, the coevolutionary approach makes it possible to study the natural mechanisms of the living systems complication. The authors follow mainly this methodological orientation, exploring cultural interaction and environment, in other words – coevolution way. Coevolutionary approach, without denying deterministic character of living systems development, pays special attention to occasionalities, which are considered to be the irremovable factors. Since the mechanism of the origin and coordination of the elements interaction involves occasionality, the system development takes an emergent character. This approach concludes the fact that acceptation of uncertainty factor does not influence the result of the particles joint variability – the variability forms are more productive methods of the entire elements collaboration. Historically developing images of cultures are viewed as the result of coevolution – on the one hand, as the interaction of cultures leading to mutual enrichment, on the other, in the context of natural environmental conditions that form some of their unique features. Coevolutionary methodology demonstrates a theoretical resource that explains the unity and difference of cultures, their transformation. The historical context of the cultures dialogue is presented as a coevolutionary process, the modern mechanisms of which promote convergence and integration of cultures, which replace the process of their evolutionary differentiation – divergence.