<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2018-13-1-60-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-218</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Региональные проблемы экологии зоны Причерноморья (общая биология, экология)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Три стадии биотехнологий для восстановления почвы, загрязненной от взрывчатых веществ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THREE STAGE BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE REHABILITATION  OF SOILS POLLUTED WITH EXPLOSIVES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квеситадзе</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvesitadze</surname><given-names>Giorgi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Квеситадзе Гиорги – доктор биологических наук, профессор, президент Национальной академии наук Грузии. Тбилиси, Грузия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Giorgi Kvesitadze – Ph.D. of biology, professor, president of Georgia national academy of sciences. Tbilisi, Georgia.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">science-almanac@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месхи</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meskhi</surname><given-names>Besarion Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Месхи Бесарион Чохоевич – доктор технических наук, профессор. Ректор Донского государственного технического университета. Ростов-на-Дону, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Besarion Ch. Meskhi - Ph.D of technical studies, professor. Rector of Don state technical university. Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатисашвили</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatisashvili</surname><given-names>Gia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хатисашвили Гия – доктор биологических наук, профессор. Университет сельского хозяйства Грузии. Тбилиси, Грузия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gia Khatisashvili – Ph.D. of biological sciences, professor. Agricultural university of Georgia. Tbilisi, Georgia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальная академия наук Грузии</institution><country>Грузия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Georgian National Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Georgia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don state technical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет сельского хозяйства Грузии</institution><country>Грузия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Agricultural university of Georgia</institution><country>Georgia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Квеситадзе Г., Месхи Б.C., Хатисашвили Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Квеситадзе Г., Месхи Б., Хатисашвили Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kvesitadze G., Meskhi B.C., Khatisashvili G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/218">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/218</self-uri><abstract><p>Широкое загрязнение окружающей среды взрывчатыми веществами из-за производства, утилизации и испытания боеприпасов стало серьезной международной проблемой, связанной с увеличением масштабов загрязнения почвы и подземных вод. Большинство взрывчатых веществ считаются серьезной угрозой для биологической системы из-за их высокой токсичности и мутагенных эффектов. Исследования по биотрансформации взрывчатых веществ ясно показали, что некоторые растения и несколько семейств аэробных микроорганизмов, представляющих различные таксономические группы микроорганизмов, могут трансформировать TNT (2,4,6-тринитротолуол), RDX (гексоген-гексагидро-1,3, 5-тринитро-1,3,5-триазин) и другие нитроорганические взрывчатые вещества для нетоксичных продуктов. Несмотря на наличие таких обширных данных, нет надежной информации, касающейся доступной технологии очистки взрывчатых веществ. Чтобы оценить исчезновение TNT и его промежуточных продуктов, в последнее десятилетие большое внимание уделялось микроорганизмам (как эукариот, так и прокариотам) и растениям. Микроорганизмы, являющиеся хорошо установленными детоксификаторами, структурно изменяющихся загрязнителей, являются перспективными природными инструментами, которые позволяют поддерживать экологический баланс. Способность растений к очистке окружающей среды все еще привлекает относительно мало внимания. Растения играют важную роль в поддержании и восстановлении всех ниш окружающей среды из-за их способности поглощать и метаболизировать довольно широкий спектр различных загрязняющих веществ органической природы. Исследования, проведенные более 30 лет с ежегодными и многолетними растениями и различными семействами различных таксономических групп микроорганизмов, показали их потенциал для поглощения и метаболизма органических загрязнителей различной структуры. Три лаборатории в Институте биохимии и биотехнологии им. Дурмишидзе (Грузия) провели исследования, направленные на создание нового биотехнологического подхода для реабилитации загрязненных взрывчаткой почв на основе совместного, симбиотического действия микроорганизмов и растений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Widespread contamination of the environment by explosives due to the manufacture, disposal and testing of munitions has become a major international concern connected with the increasing scale of soil and ground water contamination. Most explosives are considered to be a major hazard to the biological system due to their high toxicity and mutagenic effects. Research on biotransformation of explosives has clearly shown that some plants and several families of aerobic microorganisms, representing different taxonomic groups of microorganisms, have the potential to transform TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene), RDX (hexogen – hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) and other nitro organic explosives to non toxic products. Despite the existence of such extensive data, there is no reliable information dealing with the affordable clean up technology of explosives. To evaluate the disappearance of TNT and its intermediate products, in the last decade, great attention has been paid to microorganisms (both eukaryotes and prokaryotes) and plants. Microorganisms being well established detoxifiers, of structurally varying contaminants, are promising natural tools that allows to sustain the ecological balance. The ability of plants to cleanup the environment has still attracted relatively little attention, having no long story. Although plants play an important role in sustaining and restoring all niches of the environment due to their ability to absorb and metabolize quite a wide spectrum of various contaminants of organic nature, plants for cleanup the environment has attracted relatively little attention having no long story. Research carried out for more than 30 years, with annual and perennial plants and various families of different taxonomic groups of microorganisms have revealed their potential to absorb and metabolize organic contaminants of different structure. Three laboratories, at Durmishidze Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Georgia) have carried out research aimed at the creation of a new biotechnological approach for rehabilitation of soils polluted with explosives based on joint, symbiotic action of microorganisms and plants.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биотехнологии</kwd><kwd>восстановление</kwd><kwd>почва</kwd><kwd>взрывчатые вещества</kwd><kwd>TNT</kwd><kwd>RDX</kwd><kwd>микроорганизмы и растения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biotechnology</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>soils</kwd><kwd>explosives</kwd><kwd>TNT</kwd><kwd>RDX</kwd><kwd>microorganisms and plants</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamia G., Ghoghoberidze M., Graves D., Khatisashvili G., Kvesitadze G., Lomidze E., Ugrekhelidze D., Zaalishvili G.  Absorption, distribution and transformation of TNT in higher plants // Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 64. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamia G., Ghoghoberidze M., Graves D., Khatisashvili G., Kvesitadze G., Lomidze E., Ugrekhelidze D., Zaalishvili G.  Absorption, distribution and transformation of TNT in higher plants // Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 64. 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aken B. van, Yoon J. M., Just C. L, Schnoor J. L. Metabolism and mineralization of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine inside poplar tissues (Populus deltoides x nigra DN-34) // Environmental Science&amp;Technology. Vol. 38. 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aken B. van, Yoon J. M., Just C. L, Schnoor J. L. Metabolism and mineralization of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine inside poplar tissues (Populus deltoides x nigra DN-34) // Environmental Science&amp;Technology. Vol. 38. 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Best E. P. H., Kvesitadze G., Khatisashvili G., Sadunishvili T. Plant processes important for the transformation and degradation of explosives contaminants // Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Vol. 60. 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Best E. P. H., Kvesitadze G., Khatisashvili G., Sadunishvili T. Plant processes important for the transformation and degradation of explosives contaminants // Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. Vol. 60. 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Best E. P. H., Sprecher S. L., Larson S. L., Fredrickson H. L., Bader D. F. Environmental behavior and fate of explosives from groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX in plants // Chemosphere. Vol. 39. 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Best E. P. H., Sprecher S. L., Larson S. L., Fredrickson H. L., Bader D. F. Environmental behavior and fate of explosives from groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX in plants // Chemosphere. Vol. 39. 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the trinciple of protein dye binding // Analytical Biochemistry. No 59. 1974.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the trinciple of protein dye binding // Analytical Biochemistry. No 59. 1974.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esteve-Núňez A., Caballero A., Ramos J.L. Biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene // Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. Vol. 65. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esteve-Núňez A., Caballero A., Ramos J.L. Biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene // Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. Vol. 65. 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregory R., Bendall D. The purification and some properties of the polyphenol oxidase from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) // Biochemistry Journal. 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gregory R., Bendall D. The purification and some properties of the polyphenol oxidase from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) // Biochemistry Journal. 1996.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harms H., Bokern M., Kolb M., Bock C. Transformation of organic contaminants by different plant systems // Phytoremediation. Transfor­mation and Control of Contaminants. New Jersey, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harms H., Bokern M., Kolb M., Bock C. Transformation of organic contaminants by different plant systems // Phytoremediation. Transfor­mation and Control of Contaminants. New Jersey, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kvesitadze G., Khatisashvili G., Sadunishvili T., Ramsden J.J. Biochemical mechanisms of detoxification in higher plants. Basis of Phytoremediation. Berlin, New York, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvesitadze G., Khatisashvili G., Sadunishvili T., Ramsden J.J. Biochemical mechanisms of detoxification in higher plants. Basis of Phytoremediation. Berlin, New York, 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khatisashvili G., Kurashvili M., Gordeziani M.  Isolation of plant microsomal fraction and characterization of its oxidative systems // Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Science. No 152. 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khatisashvili G., Kurashvili M., Gordeziani M.  Isolation of plant microsomal fraction and characterization of its oxidative systems // Bulletin of the Georgian Academy of Science. No 152. 1995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lanzarini G., Pifferi P., Samorani A. Specificty of an o-diphenol oxidase from Prunus avium fruits // Phytochemistry. No 11. 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanzarini G., Pifferi P., Samorani A. Specificty of an o-diphenol oxidase from Prunus avium fruits // Phytochemistry. No 11. 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oh B., Sarath G., Drijber R. A., Comfort S. D. Rapid spectrophotometric determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a Pseudomonas enzyme assay // Microbiological Methods. Vol. 42. 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oh B., Sarath G., Drijber R. A., Comfort S. D. Rapid spectrophotometric determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a Pseudomonas enzyme assay // Microbiological Methods. Vol. 42. 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robidoux P. Y., Hawari J., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., Sunahara G. I. Acute toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in earthworm (Eisenia andrei) // Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 44. 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robidoux P. Y., Hawari J., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., Sunahara G. I. Acute toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in earthworm (Eisenia andrei) // Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 44. 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
