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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2018-13-1-53-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-217</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Культурно-исторические и экономические процессы в регионе Причерноморья (экономика)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль импортных пошлин в развитии малой экономики открытого типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF IMPORT DUTIES FOR A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краджова</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kradjova</surname><given-names>Vera</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Краджова – доктор наук, начальник департаментов: таможни и экспедирования грузов, менеджмента в сфере услуг, безопасности и финансового контроля. Университет «Климент Охридский» г. Охрид, Республика Македония.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera Kradjova – Ph.D., associate professor. Head of departments: customs and freight forwarding, management in service sector; security and finance control. University of St. Kliment Ohridski. Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">science-almanac@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайко</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gayko</surname><given-names>Elena B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайко Елена Борисовна – старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков. Ростовский филиал Российской таможенной академии. Ростов-на-Дону, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena B. Gayko – M.A., associate professor of the Foreign languages dpt. Russian customs academy. Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тен</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ten</surname><given-names>Yulia P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тен Юлия Павловна – доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры управления и экономики таможенного дела. Ростовский филиал Российской таможенной академии. Ростов-на-Дону, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia P. Ten - Ph.D. of philosophy, Professor of Management and Economic of Customs Department, Rostov Branch of Russian Customs Academy. Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет «Климент Охридский»</institution><country>Македония</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of St. Kliment Ohridski</institution><country>Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский филиал Российской таможенной академии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian customs academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский филиал Российской таможенной академии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Customs Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Краджова В., Гайко Е.Б., Тен Ю.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Краджова В., Гайко Е.Б., Тен Ю.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kradjova V., Gayko E.B., Ten Y.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/217">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/217</self-uri><abstract><p>Любая национальная экономика, независимо от ее размеров, диверсификации природных ресурсов и производимой ею продукции и независимо от степени экономического развития, более или менее осознает взаимосвязь связей с мировой экономикой, поэтому она не может оставаться вне процесса глобализации экономических потоков. Авторы подчеркивают, что ученым следует особое внимание уделять изучению сравнительных преимуществ экономик стран открытого типа. Выявлено, что именно в малых экономиках открытого типа  центральную роль играет фискальная и таможенная политика страны, а также рациональное позиционирование импортных пошлин как для реализации фискальных, так и для достижения целей стимулирования развития экономики. В статье обосновывается мысль, что фискальная политика государства, позиционируемая в стадии перераспределения общественного воспроизводства, помимо экономической цели, также реализует политические, протекционистские, социальные, демографические, образовательные, научные, медицинские, культурные и другие цели, опосредованно действуя на этапах общественного воспроизводства (производства, обмена и потребления). На примере Республики Македонии, как малой экономики открытого типа, в статье демонстрируется роль и значение импортных пошлин в направлении оптимизации реализации целей фискальной политики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Any national economy, regardless of its size, diversification of natural resources and products it produces, and regardless of the degree of economic development, more or less realizes interaction links with the rest of the world and cannot remain outside the process of globalization of the economic flows. Emphasis should be placed on the comparative advantages the economy has, especially if it is a small open economy. Thereby, the central role is played by the fiscal and especially the customs policy of the country, as well as the correct positioning of import duties both for the realization of the fiscal as well as for achieving the stimulus goals. Fiscal policy, positioned in the stage of redistribution of social reproduction, besides economic, also realizes political, protective, social, demographic, educational, scientific, health, cultural and other goals, while indirectly acting on the other stages of social reproduction (production, exchange and consumption). By the example of the Republic of Macedonia as a small open economy, the paper intends to illustrate the role and significance of import duties in the direction of optimizing the realization of the fiscal policy objectives.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малая экономика открытого типа</kwd><kwd>экономическая теория и практика</kwd><kwd>малая экономическая система</kwd><kwd>импортные пошлины</kwd><kwd>экономическая интеграция</kwd><kwd>таможенные органы</kwd><kwd>фискальная политика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>import</kwd><kwd>economy</kwd><kwd>customs</kwd><kwd>duty</kwd><kwd>open economy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mojsoski V., Karadjova V. Applied Economy, Economic System and Economic Policy. Ohrid, 2002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mojsoski V., Karadjova V. 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