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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2019-17-1-48-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-183</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Этнокультурный и исторический процессы Кавказского региона (теория и история культуры)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности становления британо-турецкой дипломатии второй половины XIX века</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE BRITISH-TURKISH DIPLOMACY  OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Склярова</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyarova</surname><given-names>Elena K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Склярова Елена Константиновна – кандидат исторических наук, доцент. Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Sklyarova – candidate of historical sciences, associate professor. Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">science-almanac@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камалова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamalova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Камалова Ольга Николаевна – кандидат философских наук, доцент. Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Kamalova – candidate of philosophical sciences, associate professor. Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Склярова Е.К., Камалова О.Н., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Склярова Е.К., Камалова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sklyarova E.K., Kamalova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/183">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/183</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются особенности становления британо-турецких дипломатических отношений в викторианскую эпоху. Значительную роль в их развитии определяли дипломаты и деятели общественного здравоохранения, имевшие официальный и неофициальный статус в период Крымской войны (1853–1856) и Русско-турецкой войны (1877–1878). Занимаясь парламентской и дипломатической деятельностью, Г. Лайярд был избран лорд-ректором университета Абердина, работал в Министерстве иностранных дел Британии, был назначен первым членом Комиссии общественных работ, которая занималась вопросами общественного здравоохранения. Учитывая его разносторонние способности, периодическое пребывание в Константинополе, знания традиций Османской империи он был назначен послом Великобритании в Константинополе. До него влиятельную позицию в Константинополе занимал британский посол в Турции лорд Стратфорд Каннинг, оказывая значительное влияние на формирование англо-турецких и российско-турецких отношений. Всю информацию, полученную от Г. Лайарда, лорд Стратфорд Каннинг передавал в своих донесениях о положении дел в Османской империи министру иностранных дел Британии. В этот период в Константинополе шла борьба за власть между партией реформ, окружением Султана и Ращид Паши, различными политическими группировками. Турция находилась в сложном социально-экономическом положении, ухудшающимся наплывом беженцев, национальными и религиозными противоречиями. Миграция населения определила необходимость социальных реформ, новые санитарные проблемы армии и городов империй. Британский парламент тщательно следил за развитием российско-турецких отношений накануне Крымской войны. Правительство Британии было заинтересовано в разрыве политических отношений между Россией и Турцией, ослаблением военно-политической мощи Российской империи. Негативное отношение Великобритании к России подогревалось британской прессой. Антисанитарные условия солдат в Крыму и Турции стали объектом парламентских отчётов, определив становление медицинской дипломатии. Особенностью англо-турецких отношений викторианской эпохи стало успешное маневрирование британского правительства с целью реализации собственных военно-политических амбиций. Лондон успешно использовал последствия Крымской войны, знания и опыт своих внештатных дипломатов, их антирусские и протурецкие настроения, соответствующие публикации прессы для ослабления Российской империи и расширения собственных владений за счёт Турции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers features of the formation of the British-Turkish diplomatic relations during the Victorian time. The diplomats and figures of the public health service who had the official and unofficial status during the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the Russian-Turkish War (1877–1878) defined the significant role in their development. Being engaged in parliamentary and diplomatic activity Austen Henry Layard was elected the lord-rector of the University of Aberdeen, he worked in the British Foreign Office, and he was appointed the first member of the commission of public works, which dealt with the issues of public health service. Considering his versatile abilities, periodic stay in Constantinople, knowledge of traditions of the Ottoman Empire he was appointed the ambassador of Great Britain in Constantinople. Before him, the British ambassador in Turkey the lord Stratford Canning took the influential position in Constantinople. This lord had a considerable impact on the formation of the Anglo-Turkish and Russian-Turkish relations. All the information obtained from H. Layard was transferred by the lord Stratford Canning in his reports about the situation in the Ottoman Empire to the British Foreign Minister. In this period in Constantinople there was a race for power between the Reform party, Sultan and Rashchid Pasha's environment, various political groups. Turkey was in difficult economic and social situation, which was worsened by the influx of refugees and by the national and religious contradictions. The population movement defined the need of social reforms, new sanitary problems of army and the cities of empires. The British parliament carefully monitored the development of the Russian-Turkish relations on the eve of the Crimean War. The government of Britain was interested in disruption of the political relations between Russia and Turkey, and in the weakening of military-political power of the Russian Empire. The British press warmed up the negative attitude of Great Britain to Russia. Insanitary conditions of soldiers in the Crimea and Turkey became the subject of the parliamentary reports, having defined the formation of medical diplomacy. Successful maneuvering of the British government for the purpose of realization of their own military-political ambitions became the feature of the Anglo-Turkish relations of the Victorian time. London successfully used consequences of the Crimean War, knowledge and experience of the non-staff diplomats, their anti-Russians and pro-Turkish sentiments, the corresponding publications of the press for the weakening of the Russian Empire and the expansion of its own possession at the expense of Turkey.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дипломатия</kwd><kwd>империя</kwd><kwd>Константинополь</kwd><kwd>Османская империя</kwd><kwd>Великобритания</kwd><kwd>Российская империя</kwd><kwd>Г. Лайярд</kwd><kwd>Ф. Найтингейл</kwd><kwd>Крымская война</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diplomacy</kwd><kwd>empire</kwd><kwd>Constantinople</kwd><kwd>the Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>Great Britain</kwd><kwd>the Russian Empire</kwd><kwd>Henry Layard</kwd><kwd>Florence Nightingale</kwd><kwd>the Crimean War</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герцог Аргалийский. Ответственность Англии в восточном вопросе. СПб., 1908. C. 61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gertsog Argaliiskii. Otvetstvennost' Anglii v vostochnom voprose. [Duke of Argyll. Responsibility of England in the East question] Saint Petersburg, 1908. 61 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гутиева М.А., Склярова Е.К. 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