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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scialm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный альманах стран Причерноморья</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2414-1143</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2414-1143-2019-18-2-66-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scialm-173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Этнокультурные исследования и проблемы образования в регионе (экологические проблемы окружающей среды и здоровья населения)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микропластик – проблема планетарного масштаба</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MICROPLASTIC IS A PROBLEM OF PLANETARY SCALE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клещенков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kleshchenkov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клещенков Алексей Владимирович – ведущий научный сотрудник, кандидат географических наук. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук» (ЮНЦ РАН), г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Kleshchenkov – leading scientific worker, candidate of geographical sciences. Federal state budgetary institution of science "Federal research center the Southern scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Tatyana B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филатова Татьяна Борисовна – научный сотрудник. Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук» (ЮНЦ РАН), г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana B. Filatova – research scientist. Federal state budgetary institution of science "Federal research center the Southern scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fila5784@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук» (ЮНЦ РАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal research center the Southern scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клещенков А.В., Филатова Т.Б., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клещенков А.В., Филатова Т.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kleshchenkov A.V., Filatova T.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/173">https://www.science-almanac.ru/jour/article/view/173</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается проблема загрязнения Мирового океана микропластиком, которая в настоящее время признана нарастающей проблемой планетарного масштаба, но недостаточно освещена в отечественной научной печати. Описаны процессы, приводящие к образованию микропластика, представлен краткий обзор исследований содержания микропластика в морской среде и его воздействия на окружающую среду. Пластик является одним из наиболее востребованных материалов и из-за своей прочности, лёгкости и долговечности в сочетании с низкой себестоимостью используется практически во всех областях промышленности. При этом огромная часть производства пластика приходится на одноразовые изделия или изделия с коротким сроком службы. Первые упоминания о пластиковом мусоре в водоёмах, о пагубном и малоизученном влиянии микропластика на представителей биоты встречаются в опубликованной литературе с начала 1970-х годов. Сначала статьи на данную тему привлекали минимальное внимание научного сообщества, но в последующие десятилетия, благодаря накоплению данных об экологических последствиях загрязнения Мирового океана микропластиком, данная тема приковывает к себе устойчивый исследовательский интерес. Было обнаружено, что ряд организмов, как позвоночных, так и беспозвоночных, поглощают микропластик. Микрочастицы пластика имеют широкий спектр размерных групп и низкую плотность, в результате чего многие живые организмы воспринимают их как источник пищи. Поскольку пластик не разлагается их ферментативной системой, его проглатывание само по себе представляет угрозу для них и может привести к летальному исходу. Исследования показывают, что за последние сорок лет загрязнение Мирового океана пластиком достигло таких масштабов, что данный материал стал попадать в пищу не только морских обитателей, но и человека. Проблема морского мусора приобретает особую актуальность среди ряда экологических проблем, обусловленных потребительской направленностью эксплуатации окружающей среды, и Россия не является исключением. Исследования содержания микропластика в морской среде проводятся в Российской Федерации с 2005 г. на юге Дальнего Востока, в акваториях Амурского, Уссурийского заливов и залива Петра Великого (Японское море), в Балтийском море и на озере Байкал. Однако организация решения проблемы морского мусора и переработки пластика в России находится в стадии становления. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of the World Ocean pollution with microplastic is considered in this article. Nowadays this problem is recognized as the accruing problem of planetary scale, but it is insufficiently highlighted in the domestic scientific press. The processes leading to the formation of micro-plastic are described, the short review of researches of content of microplastic in the marine environment and its impacts on the environment is submitted. Plastic is one of the most demanded materials and because of its durability, lightness and longevity in combination with low prime cost it is used practically in all fields of industry. At the same time a huge part of plastic production is a share of disposable products or products with a short life length. The first mentions about plastic garbage in reservoirs, about harmful and poorly studied influence of microplastic on representatives of biota are met in the published literature since the beginning of the 1970th years. At first, the articles on this subject drew the minimum attention of scientific community, but in the next decades, thanks to accumulation of data on environmental impacts of pollution of the World Ocean with microplastic, this subject arrests a sustained research interest. It was revealed that a number of organisms, both vertebrata and invertebrates, absorb microplastic. Micro-particles of plastic have a wide range of dimensional groups and low density, therefore, a lot of live organisms perceive them as a source of food. As plastic does not decay by their enzymatic system, its ingestion poses a threat for the organisms and can lead to their death. Researches show that for the last forty years the pollution of the World Ocean with plastic reached such scales that this material began to get not only into the food of sea inhabitants, but also into the food of people.The problem of the sea garbage acquires special relevance among a number of the environmental problems caused by the consumer orientation of exploitation of the environment. Russia is not an exception. Researches of content of microplastic in the marine environment are conducted in the Russian Federation since 2005 in the South of the Far East, in the water areas of the Amur, Ussuriysk gulfs and Peter the Great Bay (the Sea of Japan), in the Baltic Sea and on Baikal. However, the organization of the solution of the problem of the sea garbage and processing of plastic in Russia is at the formation stage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пластиковый мусор</kwd><kwd>микропластик</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>загрязнение</kwd><kwd>морская среда</kwd><kwd>токсическое воздействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plastic garbage</kwd><kwd>microplastic</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>pollution</kwd><kwd>marine environment</kwd><kwd>toxic influence</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The publication is prepared within realization of public contract of the Southern scientific center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the project`s number is AAAA-A18-118122790121-5.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Блиновская Я.Ю., Высоцкая М.В. 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